Categories Transparency

MRSC Inquiry on Serial meetings

Inquiry:  When councilmembers confer in advance about matters to come before the council when is it a serial meeting in violation of the OPMA?

Response:  In my opinion, it would be a serial meeting in violation of the Open Public Meetings Act (OPMA) if a quorum of city council members confer with each other, including either via telephone or email, to determine if they have sufficient support for a matter to be considered at an upcoming council meeting. This would include having a series of one-on-one conversations between council members about a matter of city business for the purpose of assessing support or counting how their upcoming votes are likely to be cast.

Here is MRSC’s FAQ related to this question from our topic page Open Public Meetings Act FAQs:

  1. What is a serial meeting?
  2. A serial meeting, sometimes referred to as a “walking” meeting, happens when fewer than a quorum of the governing body takes “action” at one time, but that action is then repeated in a way that eventually involves a quorum of the governing body. It does not matter if the serial meeting happens in person, or by electronic means such as email or social media posts.

It is not a serial meeting if one member of a governing body shares information with the rest of the body. “Passive receipt” of information is allowed.

Examples using a scenario where there are five board members (1-5), so three members is a quorum:

  • Board member 1 talks to board member 2 about agency business. 2 talks to 3 and tells 3 what 1 said. 3 talks to 4 and tells 4 what both 1 and 2 said. You now had a “serial” meeting because a quorum of the council is discussing agency business.
  • Board director puts a draft policy on the agency’s SharePoint site and grants permission for all five board members to edit the document. (SharePoint allows for simultaneous editing of documents and real-time chat). If at least three members comment, or propose edits, you’ve had a serial meeting.
  • Board member 1 posts on their personal Twitter page about their intent to vote in favor of a proposed action. The next day board member 2 retweets commenting that they oppose the action, and tags board members 4 and 5. Board member 4 responds that afternoon saying they support the member and tags board member 3. This now became a conversation among a quorum of the board members about agency business, and is a serial meeting.

Agencies can help avoid a serial meeting over email by adopting rules prohibiting members of the governing body from communication with a quorum of the body. Instead, route emails and replies to staff and then the matter can be discussed at a future open meeting. Also, putting the addresses of the member in the “blind carbon copy” field of most email programs will keep that program from replying to all the members. For social media, consider adopting rules that prohibit members of the governing body from commenting on posts made by other members; especially if your agency has official media pages for the members. See MRSC’s blog post, Tips for Avoiding OPMA Violations, for other helpful suggestions.

Here is a link to the September 2020 Washington Court of Appeals decision Egan v. City of Seattle, 471 P.3d 899 (2020). The plaintiffs alleged that City of Seattle councilmembers violated the OPMA by making a decision as a result of a serial meeting including via emails and that a councilmember’s staff person made a vote count tally on an issue that appeared to be decided before the council’s public meeting. The court discussed the legal issues and found genuine issues of material fact and remanded the case to the trial court for further proceedings. On remand, the parties reached a settlement.

Here is a link to MRSC’s blog post What Constitutes a Serial Meeting under the OPMA?

I recommend you consult with your city attorney. Let me know if you want to further discuss.

Linda Gallagher  (she/her)
Legal Consultant
206.625.1300 x222

MRSC   Empowering local governments to better serve their communities

Disclaimer: MRSC is a statewide resource that provides general legal and policy guidance to support local government entities pursuant to RCW 43.110.030. This communication should not be construed as legal advice or as creating an attorney-client relationship. This communication is not confidential or privileged.

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